Entreprenurship - 783 Words

Current Event Article #1 Current Event Article #1 For this assignment I decided to choose an article related to entrepreneurship. The article that I chose for this assignment is called â€Å"The Choices That Led Small Business Owners to Wealth† by Paul Sullivan. This article talks about some of the obstacles that some of the most successful entrepreneurs faced and what they did in order to get past those obstacles. This article goes over decision-making, risk taking, recruiting and more. The article starts off with an entrepreneur named William Greenblatt. It talks about how Mr. Greenblatt’s decision-making skills and confidence allowed him to take a company that he founded when he was in college to a global business with 3,900†¦show more content†¦After this spike in revenue he decided to hire a chief operating officer to take over the company. Blaine Vess thought that it would be best to let someone else with more experience take over his company and it was. Once the new chief operat ing officer took over, StudyMode’s revenue increased to $20 million a year. Overall the article I chose talks about entrepreneurs and how certain decisions they made helped them become successful. Overall, I really enjoyed this article. This article not only informed me about why certain things are important but also provided examples of real situations. In the business world you will constantly be confronted with problems and decisions to make. Therefore, knowing how to make and choose the right decisions will be crucial when stepping into the business world. However, knowing how to make the right decisions is not as simple as it seems. Making decisions requires strategy and technique. The article did a great job explaining how entrepreneurs made a final decision based on what they thought was best for their business. As mentioned earlier, the article also touches on recruiting and pay. It provided an example of an entrepreneur who decided to invest in his employees. In orde r to make his business successful an entrepreneur decided that he would first need to makeShow MoreRelatedMcq Entreprenurship5346 Words   |  22 PagesChapter 1 The Foundations of Entrepreneurship    Multiple Choice Questions:    1. A recent study by Ernst and Young found that 78% of influential Americans believe that entrepreneurship will be the defining trend of this century. The entrepreneurial opportunity that topped their list was: a. the Internet b. globalization c. downsizing of corporate America d. None of the above.    Read MoreJadelink1358 Words   |  6 PagesDAY TWO, TUESDAY 28TH. 1:30PM – 3:20PM ENTREPRENURSHIP IN CHINA PART 2 CASE: JADELINK AND THE LUXURY GOODS MARKET IN CHINA Comentario en Internet de Harvard Business Review : â€Å"The experienced entrepreneurial chief executive officer (CEO) of Jadelink International Limited strives to create a modern jewelry brand representing a new perception in jade. The CEO has achieved early success of growing sales rapidly and bringing Jadelink products to Shanghai, the trendiest city in China. But the companyRead MoreEnterprise : An Entrepreneur Who Demonstrates Passion, Commitment, Technical Skills And Dedication Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pageschallenges enterprises face in today`s world. 3. Compare the theory with one of the other entrepreneurial theory. 4. By taking examples from the interview confirming the theory of entrepreneur. 5. Conclusion of theory of entrepreneur. THEORY OF ENTREPRENURSHIP: There are many classical as well as modern theories that define the theory of entrepreneurship. Analysing these various entrepreneurial theories and understanding them to put into practice is the main aim Theories of entrepreneurship can broadlyRead MoreExploring Employment Seeking Behaviors Of Persons With Hiv / Aids1579 Words   |  7 Pages Photovoice is also an important tool to address more specific issues like problems in organizational climate as it allows a better understanding of moral and control implications within organizations. In other contexts, photovoice triggers entreprenurship behaviour, supports the development of social identity and also serves as an empowerment tool. All these insights provided me with the foundations to develop the photovoice project that is presented in the following section. Read MoreThe Southern Training Group: An Analysis3656 Words   |  15 Pagesopportunities to train laborers, develop partnerships and support the improvement of the domestic labor force. References: Alvarez, S.A., Barney, J.B.. (2007). Discovery and creation: alternative theories of entreprenurial action. Strategic Entreprenurship Journal. Vol. 1 Braunerhjelm, P. Svensson, R. (2009). The inventors role: was Schumpeter right? Springer-Verlag Fergusson, J.; Baron, S.; Alhomaili, I.; Al Jerayed, T.; Basera, P.; (2012). Southern Training Group Frenz. (2010). farming in

Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 949 Words

Death of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have continued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recapped by one simple word: denial. Not only fueling his lack of ability to accept his fate as a run-of-the-mill salesman, but continuing to perpetuate denial in his entire family. During Willy’s flashbacks, the audience is able to take note of the happy times in the Loman household that lead up to such a tragic present, making it almost impossible not to see the world of fantasy and denial that Willy lives in. The first demonstration of contradiction that the audience witnesses come from a conversation between Willy and Linda when Willy says, â€Å"They don’t need me in New York. I’m the New England man. I’m vital in New England† (Miller 2109). Willy misleadingly claims that he is a crucial player in his business team in order to keep his image up with his family. Even though his sales were not great, he still continues to believe that he is needed. Willy is completely incapable of admitting, let alone accep ting, his failures. We see this behavior play out again in a conversation with hisShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfunctional family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller888 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman† is a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a man who is living in his own wor ld away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behaviorRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwright Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, but he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional t ragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audience experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller846 Words   |  4 PagesA Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda askingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. It has also received a lot of accordances and won numerous awards for its literature merit including the coveted Pulitzer for drama. The play is regarded by many critics as the perfectRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By Arthur Miller1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto death to achieve their so- called American dream. They live alone and there is no love of parents and siblings. They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he notices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, whoRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2081 Words   |  9 Pages#1 â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragedy, this play has only two acts and does not include scenes in the acts. Instead of cutting from scene to scene, there is a description of how the lighting focuses on a different place or time-period, which from there, they continue on in a different setting. The play doesn’t go in chronological order. A lot of the play is present in Willy’s flashbacks or memories of events. This provides an explanation of why the characters are acting a certainRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1517 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s play titled â€Å"Death of a Salesman† offers a plethora of morals pertaining to the human condition. One moral, shown in Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, pertains to that one should be content with that of which they are given, for one cannot be the best at everything. In Death of a Salesman there is, without a doubt, a paucity of content and ha ppiness within the Loman family. But what does it mean to truly be content? Aesop’s fable â€Å"The Peacock and Juno†, as the name suggests,

Tefl Teaching English to Young Learners Free Essays

string(309) " and depending on the level of English\)â€Å"Mary, What’s your favorite farm animal\? † Patrick says â€Å"My favorite farm animal is the cow moo, moo! Emma, What’s your favorite farm animal\? † Emma replies; â€Å"Me, I like dogs â€Å"woof, woof† This activity gets all the young learners actively involved\." Teaching English to Young Learners with GO TEFL Result: 81% Assignment Answer the following questions based on your course readings for this module. (100 marks) Part 1: This section covers multiple choice type questions. Choose the correct answer from the possible answers provided. We will write a custom essay sample on Tefl Teaching English to Young Learners or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. What is one of the main differences between children and adult EFL students? (1) 1. Children are more likely to be forced to attend the classes. 2. Games are effective for children but not effective for adults. 3. It is more important to create the need to learn in adults than in children. . Which of the following is true? (1) 1. Teaching children should be based on improvisation. 2. Children should be taught only through games. 3. It is essential to plan your lessons thoroughly when teaching children. 3. What is important to do in the first class where you teach the letter ‘o’? (1) 1. to associate it with one sound and a word, for example ‘orange’, through the use of flash cards 2. to associate it with at least two sounds and at least two words, such as ‘orange’ and ‘open’, through the use of flash cards 3. o teach the name of the letter ‘O’ in the alphabet and get the students to repeat a word with ‘o’ after you, for example ‘orange’ 4. Which of the following is a phonic: (1) 1. the sound  as in ‘jet’; 2. the letter ‘j’; 3. ‘jay’ Choose one answer. 1. a. both 1 and 3 2. only 1 3. only 2 5. You are introducing the letter ‘i’. Y ou have just drilled the word ‘lip’. When will you drill the word ‘bike’? (1) 1. immediately 2. later in the same class 3. in a later class 6. You have just finished teaching single-letter vowel sounds to your students. Which of these sounds is a suitable choice to focus on in your next lesson? 1) 1. ‘ea’ as in ‘eagle’ 2. ‘th’ as in ‘thing’ 3. ‘s’ as in ‘sand’ 7. What is the double-letter sound in the word ‘headline’? (1) 1. he 2. ea 3. in 8. When is the best time to introduce the plural form of nouns? (1) 1. together with the singular form 2. in students’ second year of studying English 3. together with numerals 9. What is the best way of teaching children to pronounce the word ‘road’? (1) 1. first drill ‘r-r-r’, then ‘o-o-o’, then ‘a-a-a’, then ‘oa-oa-oa’, then ‘d-d-d’, finally drill the sounds together ‘road-road-road’ 2. irst drill ‘r-r-r’, then ‘oa-oa-oa’, then ‘d-d-d’, then drill the sounds together ‘road-road-road’   3. first drill the letters ‘ar-ar-ar’, then ‘ou-ou-ou’, then ‘ei-ei-ei’, then ‘dee-dee-dee’, then drill the word ‘road-road-road’. 10. Francis has asked her colleagues some advice on how to teach writing to her young students. Here is the advice three of them gave: (1) Fenton: â€Å"Get them to imagine that the whiteboard is a page from their exercise-books and demonstrate to them on the board where to begin writing letters/words and how to write them. Deon: â€Å"Teach them two ways of writing each letter but not at the same time – first teach all the letters in upper case, then all the letters in lower case. † Kate: â€Å"Show them how some letters fit between two lines while others reach the higher line or the lower line. † Whose advice is incorrect? 1. Fenton’s 2. Deon’s 3. Kate’s 11. You are a little frustrated because your students speak too much native language in class. They know that you understand their language, so you realise they do not feel motivated enough to speak English. How can you encourage them to speak only English in class? 1) 1. introduce a punishment for using the native language 2. do drilling for most of the lesson; as they repeat after you, they won’t get an opportunity to use their native language 3. introduce a puppet to them, tell the students that the puppet can only speak and understand English and use the puppet throughout the lesson   12. It will probably be impossible for you to keep young learners enthusiastic about learning English if you: (1) 1. don’t give them any praise. 2. don’t let them use their native language. 3. don’t use any gap-fill activities. 3. If you have a student who repeatedly misbehaves and disrupts lessons, which of the following courses of action could be reasonable and effective? (1) 1. discourage the other students from associating with him/her both during and after classes 2. talk loudly and angrily to the child 3. meet with the child’s parents 14. Annette has selected t hese three structures to teach 5 year-old children in their first year of learning English: (1) 1. ‘Which do you like better, †¦ or †¦? ‘ 2. The past simple of regular and irregular verbs 3. ‘Have you ever been to†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Are all those structures suitable for learners of that level? 1. Yes, they are. 2. Structures 1 and 3 are suitable but structure 2 is not. 3. None of the structures are suitable as they are above the students’ level. 15. What is the recommended duration of each activity in a lesson with young learners? (1) 1. 2 minutes 2. 5 minutes 3. 10 minutes Part 2: In this section, questions are generally more open-ended and require a lot of thought. In your responses, particularly those requiring extended writing, please feel free to write more than is required. 1. Think of a game or activity which could help young learners develop their speaking skills (do not use those already mentioned in the module) and describe, step by step, how you would play it with your class. Note: in this game/activity the learners should talk to each other using sentences rather than single words. (Write about 100 words. ) (15) Circular group talking with a ball The young learners get into a circle of four in order to pass the ball to each other. Everyone gets a turn to communicate their name, age, favorite animal†¦ a) Sarah says Hello, What’s your name? b) Patrick says; â€Å"Hello, My name is Patrick! passes the ball to Emma, â€Å"What’s your name? † Emma replies; â€Å"My name is Emma! † c) â€Å"Sarah, How old are you? † Sarah replies; â€Å"I am six years old! † d) (If there is time and depending on the level of English)â€Å"Mary, What’s your favorite farm animal? † Patrick says â€Å"My favorite farm animal is the cow moo, moo! Emma, What’s your favorite farm animal? † Emma replies; â€Å"Me, I like dogs â€Å"woof, woof† This activity gets all the young learners actively involved. You read "Tefl Teaching English to Young Learners" in category "Papers" They practically sing the sentences to each other (drilling). 2. Describe, step by step, how you would teach the following structures. Include any visual aids you would use, what drilling (repetition) you would do and what your instructions would be. You don’t have to write a full lesson plan or activities. Write about 100 words for each structure. 1. Structure 1: Where is it? It’s on/in/under†¦ (15) By using Realia For example: playing hide and seek with a ball while simultaneously using the appropriate phrases and demonstrating their meaning. a) (Teacher hides the ball under the table) â€Å"Where is the ball? It‘s on the chair, in the bag or under the table†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Students reply; â€Å"The ball is under the table, Teacher† ) The young learners repeat the phrases and then take turns hiding the ball. c) Patrick (hides the ball); â€Å"Where is the ball? † Sarah replies, â€Å"It’s in the bag†. d) Sarah (hinds the ball) and asks â€Å"Mary, Where is the ball? † Mary replies, â€Å"it’s on Patrick’s chair†. By playing hide and se ek (repetitiion/drilling) this enables the children to have fun while learning. 2. Structure 2: How many†¦ are there? There are†¦ (15) a) Again with Realia, I start by demonstrating with sweets (amusing item for sweet tooths) â€Å"How many sweets are there in my hand? Students reply â€Å"There are three sweets in your hand teacher†. Repeating these actions until they become familiar with the phrases. b) And then, I send a bag of sweets around the class so each young learner gets a turn (to correct themselves). c) Every student offers some sweets from the bag to his/her classmate. Each student takes a handful of sweets and counts them. Then asks his/her classmate: â€Å"How many sweets are there in my hand, Sarah? † â€Å"There are two sweets in your hand Patrick. .† d) And so on around the classroom until all the students are comfortable (drilled) with these expressions. 3. Structure 3: Can you†¦? Yes, I can/No I can’t. 15) a) First of all, I give the class an example-context: Realia with a cell phone as children enjoy imitating adults on the phone. â€Å"Hello Mary, It’s Sarah, Can you come to the Cinema on Saturday? † â€Å"Yes I can come to the cinema on Saturday Sarah† Or â€Å"No I can’t Sarah† . b) I ask the students to repeat these phrases a cou ple of times-drilling. c) And then, I ask them to get into small groups of 3/4 d) And ask them to use other examples of what they like to do on Saturdays: play tennis, football etc. â€Å"Can you come to football on Saturday? † â€Å"Yes, I can come to play football on Saturday† No, I can’t. † e) Then back within the whole group, I check the comprehension with more questions around the class to make sure everyone can say and understand (drilled) these phrases. Teacher says; â€Å"Brendan can you ask Sarah can she come to class tomorrow? † â€Å"Sarah replies, yes I can come to class tomorrow, Brendan! † 3. Read the section (2. Planning an interesting lesson) at the end of the module and imagine you are giving the next lesson to the same class. Your aim is to teach the following set of new double letter sounds: (25) ai as   in sail ay as in tray ir as in girl a as in boat Write a lesson plan according to the same model. The time and level are the same and your aims will be to teach a new set of double letter sounds. Please use as much as you can from the different parts of this module and include a varied range of activities. Total  [100 marks] Using Presentation Practic e Production (PPP) as my teaching model. IntroductionStagePresentationSetting the context| First of all, I briefly revise and verify that the students have understood the previously learnt single letter sounds to get them into the context for today’s lesson. In order to set the context (double letter sounds), I show the students a set of flashcards –the students are given the time to name the noun (teamwork) and learn new vocabulary. ai – sail ay – tray ir – girl oa – boat Demonstrating these nouns with flashcards allows me to keep my Teacher Talk Time (TTT) low and can prompt the students when they do not know the pronounciation of the double letter sounds. This way I can identify the level of the different students. | Eliciting the target| I send the flashcards around the class so each member gets a chance to attempt to say the words. Sail†, â€Å"tray†, â€Å"girl†, â€Å"boat†The students become more confident when they repeat the nouns individually. This will help them realize that they are capable of pronouncing double letter sounds and encourage them to learn new vocabulary. And then as a whole class we repeat together once again. I encourage the students to feel free t o communicate within the group and participate in each others learning. | Concept checking| Once the double letter sounds have been drilled, I ask Concept Checking Questions (CCQs) to make sure that the students have understood the targeted word meaning. I continue to incorporate drilling during this stage. Examples:Is Sarah a boy or a â€Å"girl†? What does a sailorman do? â€Å"Sails a boat† In a restaurant we serve with a â€Å" tray†| Drilling and furtherconcept checking| Using different interactions and teamwork with the aid of the flashcards Examples: All the boys please : â€Å"Sail† All the girls please: â€Å" boat†All the boys, what is the girl holding? â€Å"the girl is holding a tray†All the girls please, What does a Sailorman do? â€Å"Sails a boat†Ã¢â‚¬Å" All the students beside the window please? boat â€Å"etcThis enables me to check the level of the pronunciation that the students use so that they can use them in the following activities. | Board work| The students are invited up to the board in groups of four to form the words. The double letters are in red: ai, ay, ir, oa and they must find the other letters (previously learnt) from the alphabet to build the spellin g of the words sail, girl, tray and boat. We all correct the board work together as a class and then, I add the phonetic script next to the noun on the board. PracticePractice Activity (1)| Now that the class feels comfortable with these double letter sounds, the students can work in small groups. I randomly ask members of the class that need more practice to fill in the gaps. Pictures from a book shown to the class, randomly the teacher asks questions like â€Å"What is the girl holding student replies (with help from another classmate if needed): â€Å"the girl is holding a tray†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Can you describe the image you see here? †Reply: â€Å"The boat is sailing in the sea†I make sure to praise the students that make efforts to communicate. I then give each person a page from the book and individually ask them to describe the image with the nouns they have just learnt. | Practice Activity (2)| First, I explain that they are going to get into groups of three and think of a song with the nouns. I double check that the students understand the activity. I give them three minutes to complete the task. Using Realia: each group are given an objet: boat, Barbie doll girl, boat with a sail, a kitchen tray and they must try and think of a song with the item (noun) they have chosen:boat, girl, sail, tray I stay available to help each group if they need more motivation or ideas. When time is up, I ask one person out of each group if they want to be a team leader and present briefly their ideas of their song with the noun. The feedback involves the students reading out the answers. And then I use self and peer correction to drill the words that the students had problems with during the task. | Language Review| In order to continue drilling the double letter sounds and revise the songs they just imagined. The children then listen and sing along to the following songs on a CD player. This allows them to revise their pronunciation and the meaning of the nouns that they have just learnt. â€Å"The big ship sails on the ally ally oh†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I’m a Barbie Girl†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Little Gingerbread Men (lying on a tray)†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Row, Row, Row Your Boat†(If time and the young learners are still quite energetic they can line up sitting behind one and other on the floor and demonstrate â€Å"the row, row, row your boat† while singing the song)- drillingAn enjoyable ending to the class! | How to cite Tefl Teaching English to Young Learners, Papers

Japan Essay Thesis Example For Students

Japan Essay Thesis For over 1,000 years, the Japanese warrior class Samurai, has been considered the finest of Japan. Understanding the values and beliefs of the Bushido warriors, living in a feudal society can be difficult. Their absolute belief in duty and honor seem mystical and even impossible to modern society. Maybe it is the mystery of the Samurai that makes it so fascinating. The Samurai were very important to Japanese citizens and culture.The history of the Samurai is important to understand the history of Japan. For centuries the Samurai dominated Japan. Samurai were commonly reffered to as retainers (monofu) or men of war (bushi). They are now referred to as the Chinese-derived name Samurai, which means to serve (Ratti Westbrook, p.83) The Samurai were in control of economic, religious, social and artistic aspects of Japan. It was the Samurai government fo Tokugawa family thet effectively isolated Japan from foreign influence for two and a half centuries (Cook 6). The feudal system that create the samurai class collapse in the nineteenth century and the need for armoured knights dissapear. Alot of the following changes and modernation came from the young samurai class of people. Japan has become modern at a very astonish rate. The warrior class became civil service or bussiness men. The values that was special to the samurai were still respect by the Japanese. The Bushido, the warrior code, became an expression of national morality (Cook 9). Bibliography:

Araby essays

Araby essays After a close examination of the short story Araby by James Joyce, several instances of religious symbolism seem to be intertwined throughout the story. The story unfolds from the viewpoint of a young child while simultaneously raising moral questions representative of a much more mature Joyce. This enlightened perspective allows for some very intricate examples of symbolism. Although the symbolism can be observed on two very different levels, the primary goal of this essay shall be to explore the symbolism as seen through the eyes of Joyce as an adult. This symbolism is painted with religious overtones that evidently stem from Joyces adolescence. Through the use of symbolism, James Joyce raises many questions concerning his childhood, while also telling the story of a young boys journey from romance to despair and disillusionment brought about by a young girls unintentional taunts. Araby, in its simplest form is the story of a young boys first experience concerning infatuation with the opposite sex. Although, lurking under this inconspicuous facade are questions that plagued Joyce throughout his life. These questions primarily concern Joyces rearing in Catholicism and the beliefs the church encouraged in opposition to his true feelings. This moral dilemma is expressed through symbolism that occurs in several interactions between the storys central character and the world around him. In the opening line of the story, Joyce describes the street he lives on as being blind(Vesterman 7). This lack of sight indicates that the street is a dead end. He goes on to describe the houses occupying its sides as gazed(ing) at one another with brown imperturbable faces(Vesterman 7). These houses reflect the attitudes of their inhabitants, who seem satisfied and content with their lives. The unchanging people seem as though they are strictly catholic and extremely ...

Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay Example

Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay Example Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay Issues Paul Raises In Romans 9 11 Religion Essay Essay The book of Romans is the longest among the Pauline epistles it is largely regarded as the ultimate accomplishment among Apostle Paul s work. Romans had a batch of influences and played an of import function in the lives of major Christian minds and bookmans of the yesteryear who help in determining the history of the church. The cardinal subject in Romans is righteousness, the book clearly conveying out God s righteousness and world s demand for redemption, and it provides doctrinal learning on how to use redemption in populating a righteous life. Romans chapters 9 11 contain some of the primary theological elements of Pauline indispensable statements in the book of Romans that trade with critical issues refering God s Word, the failure of His chosen people Israel, their current state of affairs, and the future deduction for the Jews as state. Apostle Paul in his statement revealed God s intent of grace and the future glorification that is to come in God s kids. He threw more visible radiation on the leftover of Israel in an inter-textual signifier of statement. The Jews are God s chosen people: a symbol that represents the sovereignty of God among other states on Earth ; their being signified the monotheistic function in godly intent of God. Even though God s lone Son was send to them, they rejected him and put him to decease. This is some of the jobs raised up and Paul dealt with in chapters 9 11. He strongly argued about Israel s topographic point in God s redemption program and their dealingss to the Gospel, he besides e mphasised on how the Gentiles should associate to the Jews as trusters in Jesus Christ. God s crowned head pick Paul introduced his great concern right in the beginning of the first three poetries of Romans chapter nine depicting his despair and concern for his fellow Jewish offspring and their relationship with God. He expressed how passionately he is to take their penalty if merely that could hold saved them for he knew the wrath that comes with rejecting what God has presented to His kids. In verse four Paul unfolded God s intent for Israel throughout in the Old Testament history, Israel s acceptance as God s kids, Abraham s promises, the patriarchal compact, and the Mosaic Law at the terminal of the introductory paragraph ( v1-5 ) . A batch of strength is built in Paul s statement. The consistence of God s work of cosmopolitan acceptance is besides seen at this point. Chapter 9:6 is the cardinal poetry in the transition because it deals with the rudimentss of Paul s statements in chapters 9 11. The Apostle stated that Not as though the word of God hath taken none consequence . Paul raised this issue in order to learn that the word of God is still and can be trusted to the full, even though it may look as if it failed in respect to the state Israel. Paul absolutely knew that Bibles have non failed the Jews because he knew the Word of God to be faithful. He demonstrates that God s manner of covering with the Jews and the remainder of the states are consistent with the prophetic promises in Bibles. The Word of God in context refers to God s promise to Abraham and his posterities, yet he farther declares in the 2nd portion of chapter 9:6 For they are non all Israel, which are of Israel Paul taught that even thoug ht many Hebrewss are lost, the true Hebrewss are saved. Within the history of Israel there was autonomous election, non merely in the instance of Ishmael and Isaac, where Isaac was chosen as the seed of Abraham but besides in the instance of Esau and Jacob. Jacob was chosen as the 1 in whom the compact line of descent will be proceed and fulfilled. He argued that throughout coevalss there has ever been true and faithful one within the state of Israel who is perfectly elected known as the leftover. The Apostle Paul applied the philosophy of the leftover to exemplify that among the Judaic state there are ever people who believe and all those trusters among the Jews are the leftover of Israel. Among the bing Hebrews it is those who believe in Christ are the elite posterities of Abraham. Paul provides adequate biblical grounds to turn out the point of his statement that non all the physical posterities of Abraham are regarded to be the kids of the promise. God in His sovereignty choose upon whom He will confabulate His approval for it is a gift of grace non an accomplishable wages. Judaic wickedness in rejecting Jesus Israel a state that had the chance and privilege as God s chosen people failed non needfully because they did non follow the jurisprudence, but because they did non understand the work of the jurisprudence. They created their ain manner of righteousness and failed to subject to righteousness in Christ. Paul theoretically dealt with the Judaic disbelief as God s purpose base on godly election. He emphasized on righteousness and declared the manner to obtain it. Furthermore he taught that true righteousness is non obedience to a set human rules or regulations but it is based merely on religion. He argued that the obeisance of religion is non the same as obeisance to the jurisprudence. Paul explored the job with the Jews in consistent item and unfolded the nature of the Judaic people. He acknowledged that the Jews had a singular end to honor God but they practiced this accomplishment from incorrect attack by recompensed obeisance to the jurisprudence at the degree where most of them are focussed and dedicated to the jurisprudence instead than God. The Apostle Paul evidently understood that Christ has put an terminal to the jurisprudence with a new beginning ; therefore a better manner of religion is available for both Jews and Gentiles every bit good. The Jews chose to indurate their Black Marias against the new beginning of redemption that came through Christ the Messiah, foremost to them before the remainder of the states in the universe. Paul argued that Judaism without Christ is like unaccomplished journey, the jurisprudence itself is a usher to Christ as a concluding and fulfilled promised. Hebrews who looked for the coming Messiah rejected him when he came but when God offered His redemption to the Gentiles many who even do non cognize anything about the Messiah and His coming believed in him. Paul concluded his statement ( Romans 9:20-10:21 ) by citing Isaiah 65:2, a mention that absolutely described the transition in context of Israel s disobedient. Present events are to be over ruled by future glorification The Apostle Paul to indicate out in the 11th chapter that non all Hebrews have rejected God s massage of redemption and continued by raising the degree of his statement refering God s fidelity and consistence. He disputed the thought that God has abandoned His people Israel. As an Israelite himself and a descendent of Abraham from the folk of Benjamin he argued that non all Hebrews have rejected God s message of redemption, he clearly taught with comprehendible scruples that there is an bing faithful leftover among God s chosen people Israel. Paul revealed that merely the same as God had faithful leftover in the yearss of Elijah the great prophesier who challenged the northern land to atone so it is in the yearss of Paul and his coevalss. Those Hebrewss who believed in the Gospel did non come to God because of righteousness based on plants of the jurisprudence but it is based on God s gracious pick. The Judaic trusters are the leftovers and besides proved the fact that God has non abandoned His people. Harmonizing to Paul trusters like himself and the adherents of Jesus Christ indicated that God is still in procedure of covering with the Judaic people and has non cast the state Israel away. Paul the apostle to the Gentiles addressed the Gentile trusters to understand the heritage they have received from the Jews. Although they had every right to bask the privileges they should offer a good relationship to the Jews trusters to keep integrity in Christ. The Apostle used a metaphoric illustration of wild olive tree to learn the truth that both Jews and Gentiles shared parts based on religion in God s Godhead program. In kernel he illustrated that the Gentiles have no root of their ain, they are subdivisions grafted into an bing cultivated root and there will be a clip that the original root will bring forth subdivisions of its sort. A clip will come when the Jews who have been cut off because of their rejection of Christ will be grafted to the root in the same beginning as the Gentiles. Paul cautions the Gentiles trusters non to tout but steadfastly stand in what God has done for them. The wild olive tree analogy revealed God s Godhead program for all world, Israel s rejection prepared the manner for the Gentiles to go portion of God s redemption offered to all world. The Godhead disclosures, privileges, and promises that were given to the state Israel will neer be withdrawn. God will work with the despaired single members of the state Israel who are populating among the Gentile states worldwide, and He will convey His people to salvation in integrity with Christ. The unbelief Jews will be invited once more as the Gentiles were invited because God is covering with them as portion of the healing procedure, they will ever stay God chosen people. Harmonizing to Paul there will ever be a reserved leftover by God chosen people through all ages until the great trial for the readying of the opinion of the millennian land. Paul argued his point with eschatological understanding on Israel s redemption that he hopes for his people in the hereafter. Decision The Apostle Paul constructively discussed the dealingss between the state Israel and other states of the universe in Roman 9-11. In his treatment it is argued that God promises remain true, the Gospel of redemption in Christ was foremost offered to the Jews and so to the Gentiles. Bing a Hebrew Paul brought in his great concern for his fellow brethren who are the direct posterities of God s chosen people and yet rejected their rightful heritage. He explained the existed state of affairs of the Jews disbelief as a procedure that God is taking them through. To the Gentiles he cautioned them non to look down upon God s chosen people Israel. Paul s statement in the transition ( Roman 9-11 ) without a uncertainty was addressed to the Jews foremost before the non-Jewish and the transition represented as a usher to assist them both to understand the Godhead intent in which God work among worlds. From a strong theological accent the Apostle used biblical mentions to set up the facts concerne d the promises made to Israel from the yearss of their male parents to confirm that God work among them as His crowned head chosen.

Maternal and Paternal Influence on The Development of Depressive Dissertation

Maternal and Paternal Influence on The Development of Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults of Divorce - Dissertation Example Divorce has been shown to have a profound effect on the members of the involved families, which are both short term and long term and can range from temporary behavior and adjustment problems to jeopardized lifelong relationships (Riggio, 2004 cited in Finley & Schwartz, 2007). The impact of a divorce is the greatest on the children of the divorced parents, who experience several problems later on in life including substance abuse, lower academic performance, ajustment problems and behavioral and emotional issues (D'Onofrio, et al., 2007). It is well documented that children belonging to disrupted families are at a higher risk of devleoping depressive symtpoms later in life as compared to those belonging to intact families (Gilman, Kawachi, Fitzmaurice, & Buka, 2003). There are several contirbuting factors which play a role in the development of depressive symptoms amongst young adults whose parents are divorced. Amongst these the age of the individual when the divorce occurred, the presence of parental conflict prior to the divorce, detrimental parenting practices, adverse socioeconomic conditions, the degree of parental involvement and nurturance, amongst others (Gilman, Kawachi, Fitzmaurice, & Buka, 2003; Finley & Schwartz, 2007; D'Onofrio, et al., 2007; Amato, 1994). Timing of parental divorce and the onset of depression amongst young adults: The age of the individual at the time when the parents underwent a divorce is an important factor in determining the onset of depressive symptoms in young adults. Gilman et. al (2003), in their study of risk factors for depression in early adulthood revealed that children whose parents underwent a divorce when they were aged between 0-7 years were at a 50% higher risk of depression than children belonging to intact families (Gilman, Kawachi, Fitzmaurice, & Buka, 2003). In contrast, another study which compared the onset of depressive symptoms amongst young adults whose parents got divorced between three different age g roups, viz. before-school age; latency period, i.e. 7-12 years and adolescent age group (7-12 years), found that depression rates were highest amongst boys who were aged between 7-12 years when their parents got divorced (Palosaari & Aro, 1994). However, no such association was found for girls. The role of parental involvement and nurturance: Divorce usually results in broken families, custodial conflilcts and adjustment problems all of which have detremental effects on the psychological well being of the offsprings. Following a divorce, one of the parents usually becomes non-residential, most oftenly, the father. An important outcome measure of several studies focusing on the impact of divorce is the desired level of paternal involvement and nurturance (Finley & Schwartz, 2007). Involvement has been defined as ‘extent to which parents participate in various aspects of their children’s lives (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008)’ while nurturance refers to ‘warm th and acceptance received from parents (Finley, Mira, & Schwartz, 2008)’. Till date, most studies conducted in this regard have focused on the levels of paternal involvement only since mostly it is the mother who gets the custody of the children and there is a paucity of data on the role of maternal involvement in the development of depresison amongst offsprings post-divorce.

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bloodstain Pattern Analysis - Assignment Example From the bloodstains along the corridor, which are a mixture of spatter and smears, the victim must have been able to escape from the room still in an upright position and out through the door. However, the attacker must have followed the victim out and attacked him or her severally along the corridor and the stairway. This is indicated by the spatters of blood along the way which is as a result of the attack and the smears on the walls due to contact with the victims injured head and the blood-stained weapon or hands of the attacker a bit lower. The absence of blood drops on the floor of the room and the corridors indicate that the victim did not have active external bleeding or the attack was so fast the victim was able to escape before active bleeding could be witnessed. The victim was initially attacked inside the suite 203 by someone who was also inside the same room. This is evidenced by the spattering of the blood stain on the wall near the cooking area. The victim however suffered more than one blows while still inside the room as evidenced by the numerous patterns of blood on near the cooking area, at the cabinets and behind the door. With a close attack. The blood spatter could not go far. The spatter also indicate the type of weapon used, it must have been blunt enough to prevent immediate gushing of blood. However, the force must have been strong to cause a blood spatter, and subsequent bleeding as the victim tried to escape. The blood smears inside the room indicate the violent movement of the victim as the attack continued inside the room before he or she was able to get out of the room. The victim must have been in a standing position. This is indicated by the spatter spread. The blood stain on the wall near the cooking area shows a central section which can be inferred to be the victims head and a divergent spatter from this point.  

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent Assignment

Human Resource Management has evolved significantly over recent decades with an increasing emphasis on contributing to business - Assignment Example The introduction of globalization and the subsequent growth of cross cultural business made a further name change in the employee management department. Now, instead of HRM, Strategic HRM is prominent in the organizational world. Employees are the backbone of any organization. Even though an organization has many other resources, human resources are the most important ones. All the other organizational resources such as machines, money and materials, need the supervision from human resources for proper utilization or mobilization. This paper evaluates different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) and describes the positioning of SHRM in contemporary context. Introduction According to Bratton & Gold (2012), â€Å"Labour is not a commodity. It is people in work organizations who sets overall strategies and goals, design work systems, produce goods and services, monitor quality, allocate financial resources and market the product and services† (p.8). Even tho ugh an organization has many internal and external resources, none of them has the ability to act independently except the human resources. In other words, all the organizational resources can be mobilized properly only under the control of human resources. There is nothing wrong in saying that HR can make or break an organization. Boddy (2008) defines Human Resource Management (HRM) as â€Å"the effective use of human resources in order to enhance organizational performance† (p.354). Because of globalization, majority of the prominent companies are currently operating cross culturally. Outsourcing and offshoring like modern business principles were evolved out as a result of globalization. Exploitation of cheap labor is vital for an organization for staying competitive in the market. Moreover, diverse workforce is common in most of the modern organizations. Management of diverse workforce necessitates restructuring or modifications of many of the existing HRM principles. Ins tead of HRM, SHRM is common in most of the modern organizations. According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic human resource management is the process of linking the human resource function with the strategic objectives of the organization in order to improve performance†(p.37). The ability to stay competitive determines the success and failures of modern organizations. The way of doing business in the past and present are entirely different. SHRM helps organizations to formulate strategies suitable for the changing principles in the organizational world. Different approaches and models are prevailing in the organizational world with respect to the implementation of SHRM. Different approaches in strategic human resource management (SHRM) According to Bratton (N.d.), â€Å"Strategic HRM’ is an outcome: ‘as organizational systems designed to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through people’† (p.46). For example, plenty of American companies ar e currently struggling in international market, not because of the poor quality of the products they produced, but because of the huge price of these products compared to the prices of products from competitors. It should not be forgotten that America is a country in which manpower cost is extremely high. On the other hand, China and India are countries in which manpower cost is extremely low. Nobody has any doubt about the technological dominance of American companies. However, expensive labor preventing American companies from competing effectively in the global market. Currently,

Deforestation And Displacement Of Tribals Environmental Sciences Essay

Deforestation And Displacement Of Tribals Environmental Sciences Essay Today we are living in a globalized world where we measure everything in terms of profit and with a sole aim of development. We lead our lives even without looking back for once. This competition motive may take us to a developed, technologically advanced era, but we are losing our own lives by destroying the environment without thinking for the consequences. Environment before fifty years and the condition of today has a hell and heaven difference. In the name of development we are using all the natural resources that are available to us, and displacing indigenous people from their own land, to construct big dams, industries and urbanizing that area to get a better employment opportunity and to raise our standard of living, but we are forgetting that nature has also limitation, it is also losing its automatic cleansing capacity. People who are forced to flee from a disaster or conflict usually receive sympathetic attention and international aid from outside. The same cannot be said for the millions of people worldwide who have been displaced by development, because everyday this process is continuing in various parts of the world. The argument that has been put forth by so called developed and modern people that displacement is necessary for this traditional society to change them into a modern and developed society. Seen in this light, large-scale, capital-intensive development projects accelerated the pace toward a brighter and better future. If people were uprooted along the way, that was deemed a necessary evil or even an actual good, since it made them more susceptible to change.  In recent decades, however, a new development paradigm has been articulated, one that promotes poverty reduction, environmental protection, social justice, and human rights. In this paradigm, development is seen as both bringing benefits and imposing costs. Among its greatest costs has been the displacement of millions of vulnerable people. If people have to push out from thei r place for any natural disaster then media come out with various reports but when people are displaced everyday for any mega projects then nobody shows sympathy to them. Odisha is a State which is the best example of how developmental projects exploiting innocent people and in the light of human rights these developmental projects are showing the way towards destruction. A state gifted with rich mineral resources, yet so poor, Plenty of resources, plenty of poverty too, why Orissa is so poor with so much abundant natural resources? Orissas poverty unexplainable, these are among the most talked about statements on Orissa. A summary of the standard and typical statements and interpretations on the state and its situations would suggest that the State of Orissa is endowed with plenty of natural resources like forests, inland water, mineral deposits, raw materials, very beautiful long coastal belt full of natural beauty and amazing lake like chiliki, which the most essential elements required for pursuing the goal of modern development. Its long coastline combined with potentially viable ports inspires for developing Special Economic Zones (SEZ) and turning Orissa into one of the most industrially developed states. Planners, developers, and Government, all are tensed that even after all these mega projects and natural beauty, Odisha is still poor and peo ple are compelled to starve. Surveyors and researchers point out that the State has come one-step down from an All India rank of 14th in 1960-61 to that of 13th in 1997-98 in terms of Industrialization. The poverty ratio of the state is still one of the highest in the country. The state is generally taken as a poor, traditional, backward and non- industrial State and it is suggested that there is no way out to deal with the problems of poverty unless a process of rapid industrialization is initiated. However the Government is using big capitalist to make noticeable change in the State by investing multi-dollar projects in various areas where natural resources are easily available. The entire mineral, forest, water, and fertile agricultural land are handed over to national and multinational corporations to ruthlessly loot the state and pauperize local populations. Today Odisha is the symbol of starvation deaths, farmers suicides, large-scale labour migration, destitution and poverty. Its own rulers are throwing away the natural resources to the multinational sharks for their super profit. But Odisha also has become the beacon of hope for the struggling workers and peasants of this country in their heroic struggle against the predatory mining and industrialization of the state uprooting the toilers of the soil. Massive peoples resistance is going along the length and breadth of the state. Some prominent ones are Kalinga Nagar, Niyamgiri, anti-POSCO (Korean Steel Company), and anti- Vedanta University peoples struggles. CHAPTER-2 AN OVERVIEW Since Independence, different rulers in Odisha have sold the mineral resources cheap, and have given very low priority to agriculture, which has resulted in a phenomenal drain of mineral wealth and absolute impoverishment of broad masses of Oriya people. Even after more than sixty years of Independence the social indicators is leading the country in chronic poverty and starvation deaths, massive labour migration, displacement, under-nutrition, high maternal and infant mortality rate, etc. Though Odisha is very rich in natural resources like land forest, and minerals, its indices in human development are very low, in fact the lowest in India. (Source- www.HYPERLINK http://www.mapsofindia.com/mapsHYPERLINK http://www.mapsofindia.com/ofindia.com) There are thirty districts in Odisha and the districts are divided in to various mining zones by the State Pollution Board according to the mining sector and its impact on environment. These are, Zone-1 Keonjhar, Sundergarh Iron Manganese ore area Zone-2 Angul Talcher coalfield area. Zone-3 Sambalpur, Jharsuguda coalfield area. Zone-4, Jajpur,Dhenkanal Keonjhar Chromite area. Zone-5 Koraput Rayagada Kalahandi Bauxite area. Zone-6 Biramitrapur Limestone Dolomite belt Zone-7 Baula-Nuasahi chromite belt of Keonjhar and adjacent Balasore district. Zone-8 Gandhamardhan adjacent areas of iron ore in Keonjhar Zone-9 Mayurbhanj district, Iron ore China clay area. Zone-10 Beach sand mining area of Ganjam district and adjacent Puri district. Zone-11 Tumudibandh (Gangam, Gajapati and adjacent areas)- Graphite area Zone-12 Bolangir-Baragarh areas- Bauxite and Graphite Zone-13 Kalahandi district around Titlagarh- Graphite, Quartzite and Gemsstones Zone-14 Boudh, Sonepur Phulbani area- Small deposits of bauxite and graphite, but potential area for coal, diamond, gold, gemstones and dimensional stones Zone-15 Cuttack adjacent Dhenkanal areas Khurda district Zone-16 Western Orissa, Malkalgiri Nawarangapur, Nuapara district- Good potential for limestone dolomite, China clay, iron ore, tin ores, bauxite, besides gold, diamond, graphite, gemstones and dimensional stones While talking about mines and ores Odisha has 60% of bauxite reserve, 25% coal, 28% iron, 92% nickel, and 28% manganese reserve in India. It has rich forests, agricultural land and a long coastline with the most beautiful beaches in the world like Chandipur. The most important thing is that Odisha is a State where all type of natural resources are available, so the State can be used and developed for tourists and it can earn huge amount of money out of tourism, but regretfully the available mines and ores are being used for industrial establishment in the name of development and the tourism side has been neglected by the Government since a long. Perhaps this is the reason that the State is poor and its resources are neither used by good purposes and in a proper way, but are only exploited by the multi-dollar companies. It is one of the poorest states in India in a wide variety of socio-economic indicators. It has the lowest per capita income and very high below poverty level compared to all-India average. Odishas Human Development Index compared with other states is 27. Inspite of various mega projects that have been taken by the Government, the number people below poverty line and unemployment is increasing, the annual rate of growth in the year 1993 94 to 2003-04 was 1.75% compared to the all India grant of 6.19%. The National Infrastructure Index was 107, while for Odisha it was 75. The development policy pursued by successive government in Odisha after Independence produced massive poverty and displacement in Odisha. The National Advisory Council estimates 90 lakh people have been displaced from different development projects in Odisha. CHAPTER-3 MINING OPERATION AND MAGNITUDE OF DISPLACEMENT Mining and displacement caused by mega projects like big dams and senseless industrialization is one of the most important factors in the present predicament of Odisha. Mining is a very large factor in large-scale deforestation in Odisha. From 1980 to 2005 the Government of Odisha has given permission for mining in 15,386 hectares of forestland. Odishas contribution is second in India regarding the income from mining sector in India. According to the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) in the year 2004-2005 out of the total minerals extracted, 10% was from Odisha, the market price of which was Rs. 5,820 crores at that time. Metals comprise the main component in the mineral extraction in Odisha. There have been a lot of changes in the mining sector in Odisha. If one takes into account the data shows that the market price of 1997-98, it has increased three times. In 1997-98 the price of total minerals extracted in Odisha  was Rs. 2,237 crores. From 1997-98 to 2001-02 it grew by 6%, but from year 2002-03 it grew at a phenomenal rate by 27%. The reason being globalized modern market and the growing investment sector, which plays a vital role in this regard. According to income from minerals, Odishas main two mineral resources are coal and iron ore. In the year 2004-05 the income from coal was 46%, and 35% from iron or other main minerals one chromite 12%, and the other bauxite 2%. Due to stiff resistance in bauxite mining areas like Kashipur, Niyamgiri and Gandhmardhan, exploitation of bauxite is not high in Odisha until Nalco bauxite mining and alumina complex was established in early 1980s. In Panchpatmalli which is in Koraput district, the local Adivasis (tribals) are resisting bauxite mining by Hindalco Company and others. According to IBM, Odisha had also extracted minor minerals worth 45 crore US dollars in the year 2004-05. By the year 2004-05 mineral extraction was in done in 99,952 hectares. In the year 2005, 605 leases were granted in Odisha  for mining, out of which around 45% was not functional. Odisha  Mining Corporation controls around 20% of mines. Most of the districts, except Jajpur and Angul, are predominantly trib al; they have been evicted from their traditional habitats through predatory mining. Mining is one of the major reasons for the displacement of Adivasis but they are putting up stiff resistance to mining in Niyamgiri, Deomali, Khandadhar, Kashipur and Keonjhar as they donot want to be displaced from their soil where they are residing since time immemorial. Apart from that mining has caused widespread deforestation, soil erosion and degradation, and drying up of water sources. The mining trade is extremely exploitative and messy in Odisha, where successive rulers of Odisha have given mines to national and international big capital at a throw away price. After the economic reforms in 1991, the process has accelerated, and various policies and sector specific policies have been proving as catalyst for these big companies to start partnership and to inaugurate their projects. For bauxite and manganese minerals, the Government of Odisha  gets royalty from Rs. 20 to 25 a tonne, while the international price is about Rs. 3,000 to Rs. 5,000 per tonne. Khandadhar iron ore mines, which will displace about 30 villages, are being given as   captive mines to POSCO who will make super profit only from mining, apart from its steel plant at Jagatsinghpur. POSCO is facing stiff resistance from both these places. Displacement A conservative estimate puts the number of displaced people from Independence to the end of the millennium at about   1 crore. It is one-fourth of the present population of Odisha.   Almost 80% of the people displaced are Adivasis and Dalits because where they live, the natural resources are also available in plenty of amount in those hilly areas. It is shocking but true that most of the displacement took place in the areas of Adivasi districts of west and south Odisha, including districts like Sundergarh, Keonjhar and Mayurbhanj, which are predominantly Adivasi districts, where most of the large dams, mines and factories are located. The following Table shows the amount of land and village lost due to mega projects. Type of project No of villages displaced/ affected No of families displaced/ affected Total land acquired (in hectare) mines 79 3143 10,947.00 industries 177 10704 48,358.00 Thermal power 73 2426 3155.31 Irrigation/hydro power 1181 64903 595918.6 total 1446 81176 623463.94 (Source Kundan Kumar Dispossessed and displaced: A brief paper on tribal issues in Orissa. epgorissa.orgApril 2007.) The large dam at Hirakud on Mahanadi River was the first mega development project in post-independent Odisha,   which submerged more than 1.53 lakhs of fertile agricultural land and displaced around 350 villages in the then districts of Sambalpur. Nobody knows their fate now. The undivided district of Koraput is the tragic story of tribal displacement and destitution in India. The Adivasis like kandhas, bandas and kolhas of Koraput, who were once the lords of the forests, now work as casual and manual labourers in different industrial centres and their wives work as maid servants. First they were displaced in the Kolab and Machkund dams, and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited at Sunabeda in the 1960s and again in Nalco Alumina Refinery and mines at Damanjodi and Indravati Dam in the 1980s and 1990s. Rourkela Steel Plant displaced hundreds of Adivasi villages in Sundergarh district in the early decades after independence; Rengali Dam displaced more than 250 villages in then undivided Sam balpur and Dhekanal districts. It was supposed to be a multipurpose dam, after spending thousands of crores and displacing lakhs of farmers it could irrigate only 10% of the proposed command area. After 1990s,   thousands of acres of Adivasi land were acquired for setting up the steel hub at Kalinga Nagar. Vedanta Aluminium Limited has displaced scores of villages in Lanjigarh Block to set up the alumina refinery polluting and poisoning the entire area which has an adverse impact on local agriculture. Thousands of acres of fertile land all over the state were acquired for thermal power stations and other projects. People of Baliapal fought against the national missile testing range in the 1980s and successfully stopped it, thus preventing the displacement of hundreds of prosperous villages. People of Gopalpur in Ganjam district under the banner of Gana Sangram Samity fought a heroic battle against TATAs in 1990 and successfully stalled it, though TATAs still have 3,500 acres in th eir possession. In the early 1990s the fishermen of Chilka fought against the privatization of Chilka Lake for industrial shrimp cultivation. After economic liberalization, the successive governments of Odisha  have signed hundreds of memorandum of Understanding (MoUs) with national and international corporate houses. 43 MoUs have been signed for steel plants alone, which will require 4,013 million tons of iron ore for a total installed capacity to produce 58.04 million tons of steel. Decades of destructive development projects have totally pauperized and dispossessed the rural poor in Odisha, overwhelmingly the Adivasis and Dalits. It has deprived them of  land, water and forests. Without any sources of gainful employment in their own villages, they migrate to other states to work as contract and casual labourers. The loss of agricultural land and drying up of water sources has endangered the food security of the rural poor. The Donghria Kondhs are resisting bauxite mining by Vedanta in Niyamgiri hills. The farmers of Dhinkia, Gobindpur, Patna and Nuagaon are fighting against the TATAS proposed steel plant by POSCO in Jagatsinghpur district under the banner of POSCO Pratirodh Sangram Samity. In Kalinga Nagar, the Adivasis under the banner of Visthapan Virodhi Janmanch have put up a heroic resistance against the TATAs proposed steel plant. The adivasis under the banner of Vishthapan Viredhi Janmanch have put up a heroic against the TATAs proposed steel plant. The Adivasis of Kashipur are fighting against bauxite mining and alumina refinery for the past 15 years under the banner of Prakrutik Sampad Suraksha Samity. There is a struggle going on against bauxite mines in Deomali in Koraput district, and also against displacement caused by a big dam at lower Sukhtel in Bolangir district. The Adivasis in Narayan Patna Block in Koraput district are fighting against  bondage and alienation of their land. To keep the situation under control Odisha Government often using illegal detention as a weapon and in some instances are there where police has fired bullets in extreme conditions and killed Adivasis on the spot. For example the police fired on the peaceful crowd in Maikanch, in Kashipur Block of Rayagada district and killed 3 people who were protesting against Utkal Alumina in Kashipur. It has detained scores of activists of Kashipur struggle for months on false criminal charges. Since the past six months inhuman combing operations are going on in Narayan Patna where the cobra, central paramilitary forces and state armed police go on demolishing Adivasi homes, sexually assaulting Adivasi women, destroying their household belongings and brutally beating up the male members. What we are witnessing in Odisha and other places in India is a kind of revolutions generated by tribals demanding the protection of their rights and which ends in blood and dead-bodies. The Government of India has launched Operation Green Hunt to handover the rich mines, forests, water resources and agricultural land to national and international corporate houses. Operation Green Hunt seeks to open up mineral resources for appropriation and plunder. As per the Ministry of Mines, the states that fall under the proposed area of Operation Green Hunt, Andhra Pradesh Chhatisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Bengal, account for 59% of the countrys mineral production. In the period 2006-2009 environmental clearance was given to 120 projects to either expand existing or to open new mines in Jharkhand and Odisha. These mineral rich areas are home to the poorest of the poor and mostly Adivasis and Dalits. The state has launched a brutal repression to suppress all the democratic move ments which oppose handing over their land, water and forests to profit-hungry corporations. But the peasants, workers and Adivasis of Odisha have refused to buckle under state pressure; they have put up stiff resistance to corporate plunder and forcible eviction all over the state. Niyamgiri, Jagatsinghpur and Kalinga Nagar have become advanced outposts of anti-imperialist resistance. CHAPTER-4 IMPACT OF MINING AND SPECIAL FOCUS ON ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES The exploitation of mineral resources through surface and underground  mining has in the past caused a wide range of environmental  problems such as health degradation, air, water and noise pollution,  decline in agricultural production, deforestation, displacement  and other socio-economic impacts. However, over the past number  of years, stakeholders in the industry have been striving to  avoid and mitigate the potential detrimental effects of mining  on fragile ecosystems and local communities. Governments are   increasingly formulating and adopting policies to ensure the  sustainable development of their countrys mining industry  and mining companies are striving to be better environmental  citizens. Environmental groups have become increasingly involved  in mining disputes. However, a lot has to be achieved to ensure  mining in carried out in a sustainable way.   There are various problems which arise due to mining sectors. Such as, Adverse impact on Land, Atmosphere, Water Regime, Ecology and Society. Increase in temperature in the area- due to industrial activity and decrease in vegetation. Drilling and blasting contribute to explosive fumes. Changes in surface and ground water regime. Pollution of surface water bodies Run off from mines Leaching from dumps Noise pollution due to blasting and subsequent vibration drives away wild animals. The present Government minomics is resulting in decreasing in breeding of various aquatic animals, such as crocodiles and the Olive Reedley tortoises. Mining operations cut off the corridors and results in elephants deaths and most of the time men-elephant conflicts. The mining companies must be asked to regulate blasting time which is ideally 9a.m. to 11 a.m. but very sadly these are not being implemented by the State Government. The ground water is polluted and all the rivers have lost their natural cleansing systems. Various operational methods like drilling, blasting, hauling, loading, transporting, crushing causes noise and air pollution by fugitive emissions of gases like methane, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide and it ultimately results in Green house gas effect and acid rain fall. The water is used for spraying haul roads; therefore it leads to excess exploitation of ground water resources. Run-off water causes water pollution leading to harm to the aquat ic animals and sea plants. To mitigate the problem, the Environmental action plan should be regulated which include Domestic Effluent Treatment Plant, Workshop effluent treatment plant, Mine Water Discharge Sedimentation plant, Dust Suppression majors, tree plantation, and spreading for Bio reclamation and environmental monitoring. It also leads to climate change and the bio diversity areas of Odisha is being adversely affected by the mining operations. Never before have had wild animals and habitat faced the kind of threat they face today and just as dangerous is the threat to the survival of species from habitat destruction. Ecological destruction due to lopsided development projects and organized poaching has threatened the very existence of the species. The current paradigm of development has resulted not only in the depletion of natural resources of the state, but also threatens to wipe out irreplaceable ecosystems. According to reports, more than 100 open cast iron ore mines c overing over 60,000 hectares of land area is in operation and maximum area is under illegal operation within Keonjhar forest division. Orissas Baitarani Elephant Reserves (ERs) in Keonjhar and Jharkhands Dalma wildlife sanctuary of Singhbhum ERs, both corridors have been virtually cut-off because of the mining activities. The Schedule-I Gharial crocodile is also under threat. The sensitive crocodiles are fast vanishing from the river systems of the country. The ground water experts and Odishas Pollution Control Board scientists have declared the alarming situation. According to the wildlife conservation strategy, 2002, lands falling within 10 kms of the boundaries of national parks and sanctuaries should be notified as ESAs under provisions of Environment Protection Act, 1986. Acting on the orders of the apex court, the ministry of Environment and Forests had written to all states in 2006 to identify such areas. Declaration of such areas surrounding protected areas is vital in order to safeguard the interests of wildlife by preventing disturbing activities like mining or industries being located close to their borders. CHPTER-5 HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION OF DISPLACED PEOPLE Out of 414 principal tribes found in the country, as many as 62 ethnic groups are found in the old hilly districts of Oridha. Statistical figures say, till 2000, about 29 lakh people have been directly affected by development projects. Their problems are uncountable and some of them are as follows, Common property turns into State property or you can say, nature turns into property. No compensation could be adequate for them, who have lost their culture, monuments, art and natural habitats and togetherness and kinship. Impediments towards rights to development. It also leads to child labour and child prostitution in that area. People run out from their State and work as daily labour in other State and people exploit them very easily, because these people are very simple in nature and they do not know how to survive in this complicated outside world. It also leads to health problems. Right to healthy environment is or constitutional right.. but vety sadly I can say that due to poison gas emissions and the metals that mix with water it leads to dangerous diseases, sometimes causes serious impact on children and women. It also raises temperature in air. Since last 10 years Odisha is facing this problem. One of the area called titlagarh in Bolangir district where the temperature rises to 50 degree centigrade in hot summer. Human rights watchdog Amnesty International alleged that the government and Vedanta had failed to protect Orissas indigenous communities from health hazards of mining, but the mining major hit back saying the claims were based on an outdated document. It also alleged that the 8,000 strong community, mainly adivasis (tribals) in Orissas Lanjigarh suffered violations of human rights to water and health, due to pollution by Vedantas aluminium refinery. Vedanta Aluminium Ltds alumina refinery has led to water and air pollution, seriously undermining the quality of life and threatening the health of nearby communities, some of whom live only a few hundred yards from the refinerys boundary walls. The Amnesty report said that it also alleged that the Centre failed to obtain free, prior and informed consent of the Dongria Kondh people living in forests of Niyamgiri Hills before approving this project.The Centre, on its part, said it is yet to receive the Amnestys report and as such, a new Act (the Mines and Minerals Development and Regulation Act) is on the anvil to take care of issues, including tribal rights and welfare.Reacting to the report, Vedanta said: The majority of the report is based on an outdated document which was subjected to intense scrutiny by the Supreme Court.The firm claimed that it offered for joint verification of allegations in eight villages, and dialogue on every aspect of the report but it was rejected. CHAPTER-6 CASE ANALYSIS AND NATIONAL AND SECTOR SPECIFIC POLICY Kalinga Nagar situation The situation is real shape of a beast. Kalinga nagar in Jajpur district, the activists from the Visthapan Virodhi Jana Manch clashed with the supporters of the upcoming Tata Steel Project. And the activists were attacked with traditional weapons and police have deployed platoons at the site to prevent any further incidents. The SP and DM acted there as pro-Tata people, they turned priest for Tats bhumi puja and officially resumes the construction work that had stopped after 2nd January,2006 massacre. The work has been done on the area where people were displaced and not accepted the rehabilitation and resettlement package. A crowd of women stood and protested but the media came up with the news very shamelessly that those tribal women welcomed and did bhumi puja for Tata. Since the past three months a reign of terror has been unleashed in Kalinga Nagar. The people there have been peacefully agitating against the construction of an approach road. Instead of negotiating with the peopl e, the state government has reacted with brutal force. There has been a virtual blockade in Kalinga Nagar for the past few months. 29 platoons of armed police, 2 platoons of NSG, 70 police officers and 7 magistrates were deployed in Kalinga Nagar a week before the police brutally fired on peacefully agitating men, women and children. On 28thMarch 2010 the District Collector of Jajpur told the people of Kalinga Nagar that the district administration is willing for a negotiated settlement of the issues raised by them. However, shockingly on 30th  morning the police forces entered the village of Baligotha and started to fire indiscriminately on unarmed men, women and children. More than 30 villagers were injured; 7 of them are still battling for life. This explains how brutal force is used in Odisha to evict people from their habitat and handover mineral rich areas including fertile agricultural land to national and international big businesses. For the past few years hundreds of peo ple have been arrested in Kalinga Nagar, Jagatsinghpur and Narayan Patna on false criminal charges. This anti-people white terror is perpetrated on the peasants, workers, Adivasis and Dalits of Odisha to handover thousands of acres of fertile land, water and forests to the profit-hungry corporations displacing millions from their homes and habitat. Vedanta and illegal expansion Niyamgiri Hill is located in the Lanjigarh block of Kalahandi district. It is a scheduled V area, and is inhabited by Dongaria Kondhs, a primitive tribal group. Niyamgiri hills belong to the Eastern Ghats, and in-situ reserves of metallurgical grade bauxite have been reported from this area. More than 75% of  the Niyamgiri hills landmass is covered with dense forests and it is one of the biodiversity hotspots of Eastern Ghats. The northernmost hill of this hill country is proposed to be mined by Vedanta Alumina Ltd. who is also setting up an alumina refinery at the bottom of the hill by displacing local Kondh tribals.  The proposed mining and refinery has led to local and tribal people resistance as well as opposition by environmentalists. A case against the Vedanta Alumina Ltd. was filed  in the Supreme Court, where the petitioners have indicated that massive irregularities have taken place in the proposed project, especially on the environmental aspects along with human right s violations. The Central Empowered Committee of the Supreme Court strongly recommended that the Niyamgiri shouldnt be allowed to be mined on environmental and biodiversity grounds. Unfortunately, the Supreme Court overruled the recommendations of its own Central Empowered Committee and decided to allow Vedanta to carry out mining on Niyamgiri. At present, Vedanta is awaiting the final clearance for mining the Niyamgiri from Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Meanwhile on ground the local tribals, including the Dongaria Kondhs have vowed to oppose the mining of Niyamgiri at all costs. The working process continues till March 2010, but Vedanta could not start mining on Niyamgiri due to strong oppositions by tribal peoples. Recently, a committee of the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India has submitted detailed reports documenting violation of environmental and forest laws by Vedanta which says that Vedanta has violated Forest Rights Act, with out taking consideration of the tribal rights and environmental aspects in to account and started work on the p

Essay --

Garrett Pyatt Mark Whitters HIST 179 12/12/2013 Position Paper: In Regards to Caesar's Body The topic of my position paper is: What should be done with Gaius Julius Caesar's body? This issue is of great importance and has an assortment of ideas and options of what should be done with Caesar associated with it. For example, my character Marcus Antonius, believed that the body of Caesar should be honored and a temple should be built to his glory. Marcus, along with most of the Caesarians, believed that the service for Julius should be held in public so that all of those who held him dear could witness it. However, there are others who oppose the idea of honoring Caesar in death as they had loathed him in life. The majority of people who disliked Caesar wanted one of two things: His ceremony be held in private where only his family and colleagues can attend along with no temple to honor him, or alternatively, they would have the body cast out into the waters of the Tiber river. Both those who had love for Caesar, and those who had hatred all have reasons to react in the way t hat they did. On one side of the argument you have those who supported Caesar and most all that he did for Rome as its ruler. These people acknowledge Caesar's military victories such as those in Gaul and Britannia where he ousted the barbaric enemies of Rome. They believe that he was a brilliant leader during both times of war, and times of peace. Caesar is also admired by them for his clemency toward his enemies after the conflict with Pompey and the mercy that he generously bestowed upon them. Additionally these people most certainly include the loyal Soldiers of Caesar that followed him without question. All of these Romans believed that Caesar made Rome t... ...ble at this point in time and its senators should think about this when deciding what form of actions that they should take. In the end, I simply think that a proper burial for Caesar after his assassination would be the proper course of action for the senators of Rome to take. This would prevent any potential unrest that could occur from dishonoring Caesar and would also show that Rome will not be brought down in times such as these. Also, the people who dislike Caesar and are against his proper ceremony are already angered by the actions that he has taken in the past. Therefore they wont gain any new hatred for Caesar is already dead. As Caesar once said, â€Å"No one is so brave that he is not disturbed by something unexpected.† For in times such as these when unanticipated events occur, the best option is to move on and grow from the tragedy in a positive way.